Link Between Diabetes And Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease: The Ultimate Guide to Chronic Kidney Disease: Diet, Prevention, Early Detection and Fast Treatment! (Kidney Stones, Kidney Disease Solution, Kidney Health)

How is kidney failure treated in diabetic patients?

Three types of treatment can be used once your kidneys have failed: kidney transplantation, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

Kidney Transplant

Kidney Transplants Explained: Everything You Need to Know

A kidney transplant is an operation that places a healthy kidney from another person into your body. The kidney may come from someone who has died or from a living person who may be a close relative, spouse, or friend.

It can even come from someone who wishes to donate a kidney to anyone in need of a transplant. Your new kidney will be placed in your lower abdomen and connected to your bladder and blood vessels.

The transplant operation takes about 3 hours and you will be in the hospital for about 5 to 7 days. After the transplant, you will need to take special medications to prevent your body from rejecting the new kidney.

You will have to take these medications for as long as you have the transplant. Many patients prefer a transplant over dialysis because it gives them more freedom, allows for a less restricted diet and may improve the quality and length of life.

A kidney transplant is a treatment, not a cure. A person with a kidney transplant still has kidney disease, and may need some of the other medicines they took before the transplant.

Hemodialysis

End Stage Renal Disease & Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis is a treatment that removes wastes and extra fluid from your blood. During hemodialysis, your blood is pumped through soft tubes to a dialysis machine where it goes through a special filter called a dialyzer (also called an artificial kidney).

As your blood is filtered, it is returned to your bloodstream. Only a small amount of blood is out of your body at any time. In order to be connected to the dialysis machine, you need to have an access, or entrance, to your bloodstream.

Treatments are usually done 3 times a week. Each treatment lasts about 3 to 5 hours.

Hemodialysis treatments can be done at home or in a dialysis center. Dialysis centers may be located within a hospital or in a separate facility. You and your healthcare provider will decide which place is best, based on your medical condition and your wishes.

Your home must have enough space for the equipment and enough water drainage and electric power to operate the dialysis machine and water purification unit.

Health insurance companies may help cover the cost of minor changes to your home for home hemodialysis. You will also need a dialysis care partner. Usually this is a family member or friend, but may also be someone you hire to assist you. You and your partner will be trained in how to do hemodialysis at home.

 

What is a hemodialysis access?

If you choose hemodialysis, you need to have a permanent access, or entrance, to your bloodstream. This is done with minor surgery, usually to your arm.

There are three different types of access:

 A fistula is the recommended choice for an access. It is made by joining an artery to a nearby vein under your skin to make a bigger blood vessel.

This type of access is recommended because it has fewer problems and lasts longer. You should be looked at by a special doctor called a vascular surgeon at least 6 months before you will need to start dialysis. Your kidney doctor or the surgeon may order an ultrasound evaluation of your blood vessels to see the ideal ones for the fistula. This is called “vessel mapping.” A fistula should be placed early (several months before starting dialysis), so it has plenty of time to heal and be ready for use by the time you begin hemodialysis.

Graft: If your blood vessels are not suitable for a fistula, a graft may be used. This involves joining an artery and nearby vein with a small, soft tube made of synthetic material. The graft is entirely beneath your skin.

Catheter:The third type of access, called a catheter, is inserted into a large vein in your neck or chest. The ends of the tubes sit on your skin outside your body. This type of access is generally used when you need dialysis for a short period of time. Catheters are used as a permanent access when a fistula or a graft cannot be placed.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Handbook of Peritoneal Dialysis

In peritoneal dialysis (PD), your blood is cleaned inside your body, not outside your body. The lining of your abdomen (the peritoneum) acts as a natural filter. A cleansing solution, called dialysate, flows into your abdomen (your belly) through a soft tube called a PD catheter.

The PD catheter is placed during minor surgery. Wastes and extra fluid pass from your blood into the cleansing solution. After several hours, you drain the used solution from your abdomen and refill with fresh cleansing solution to begin the process again.

Removing the used solution and adding fresh solution takes about a half hour and is called an “exchange.”

Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home, at work, at school, or even during travel. Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based treatment. Many people who choose peritoneal dialysis feel it allows them greater flexibility and independence.

Are there different types of peritoneal dialysis?

Yes. The major ones are:

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD). With CAPD, you do the exchanges yourself 4 to 6 times a day.

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD). With APD, a machine called a cycler does the exchanges automatically once you have set up the equipment. APD can be done while you sleep.

However, if you do APD, you may also need to do 1 or 2 exchanges yourself during the day to make sure enough wastes and extra fluid are being cleared from your blood.

Will I need to take special medications?

You may need to take:

Phosphate binders. These medicines keep your bones strong by helping your body keep the right balance of two important minerals—calcium and phosphorus.

A special prescription form of vitamin D. This medicine also helps to keep your bones healthy.

Drugs called ESAs (erythropoiesis-stimulating agents). ESAs act like a natural hormone made by your kidneys called erythropoietin. This hormone tells your body to make red blood cells. Not having enough of it can cause anemia (low red blood cell count). Treatment with an ESA can help your body make red blood cells.

Extra iron. Your body also needs iron to make red blood cells, especially if you are receiving ESAs. Without enough iron, your ESA treatment will not work as well.

Vitamin and mineral supplements You may need to replace some vitamins and minerals that you are not getting in your diet, or that are lost during dialysis. Your healthcare provider or dietitian will tell you which ones you need to take.

Other medicines. You may need to take other medicines, depending on your own medical needs. These could be medicines to control high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.

If I choose one type of treatment for kidney failure, will I be able to change to another type?

If you start on one type of treatment but feel you would like to try something else, you can speak to your healthcare professional about the possibility of changing.

For example, if you choose hemodialysis, it doesn’t mean you can’t ask to switch to peritoneal dialysis at a later date.

Even if you choose to have a kidney transplant, you may need a period of dialysis until you can be transplanted with a new kidney.

It is not uncommon for people who have had kidney failure for many years to have had more than one type of treatment in that time.

If you have any information,questions, or feedback you would like to include in this post.

Please email momo19@diabetessupportsite.com or leave your comments below.

Fight Kidney Disease & Diabetes: How to Take Your Diet to the Next Level

Diet is one of the most important treatments in managing diabetes and kidney disease. If you’ve been diagnosed with kidney disease as a result of diabetes, you’ll need to work with a dietitian to create an eating plan that’s right for you. This plan will help manage your blood glucose levels and reduce the amount of waste and fluid your kidneys process.

Which nutrients do I need to regulate?

Your dietitian will give you nutritional guidelines that tell you how much protein, fat and carbohydrate you can eat, as well as how much potassium, phosphorus and sodium you can have each day. Because your diet needs to be lower in these minerals, you’ll limit or avoid certain foods, while planning your meals.

Portion control is also important. Talk to your dietitian regarding tips for accurately measuring a serving size. What may be measured as one serving on a regular diet may count as three servings on the kidney diet.

Your doctor and dietitian will also recommend you eat meals and snacks of the same size and calorie/carbohydrate content at certain times of the day to keep your blood glucose at an even level. .It’s important to check blood glucose levels often and share the results with your doctor.

What can I eat?

Eating Well with Kidney Failure: A Practical Guide and Cookbook (Class Health)

Below is an example of food choices that are usually recommended on a typical renal diabetic diet. This list is based on sodium, potassium, phosphorus and high sugar content of foods included. Ask your dietitian if you can have any of these listed foods and make sure you know what the recommended serving size should be.

Carbohydrate Foods

Higher-protein foods

Higher-fat foods

Seasoning and calories

Beverages

You may also be instructed to limit or avoid the following sweet and salty foods:

1.Candy

2.Chocolate

3.Syrup

4.Honey

5.Molasses

6.Baked goods

7.Ice cream

8.Canned foods

9.Condiments

10, Garlic or table salt

11.TV dinners

12.Meat tenderizer

13.Marinades

14.Nuts

15.Pizza

16.Salted chips and snacks

For more great Health and Nutrition Tips refer to the website positivehealthwellness.com.

If you have any information,questions, or feedback you would like to include in this post.

Please email momo19@diabetessupportsite.com or leave your comments below.

Diabetes and Kidney Disease

Diabetes is the most common cause of kidney failure, accounting for nearly 44 percent of new cases.People with kidney failure undergo either dialysis, an artificial blood-cleaning process, or transplantation to receive a healthy kidney from a donor.

Diabetic kidney disease takes many years to develop. In some people, the filtering function of the kidneys is actually higher than normal in the first few years of their diabetes.

Over several years, people who are developing kidney disease will have small amounts of the blood protein albumin begin to leak into their urine. This first stage of Chronic Kidney Disease( CKD) is called microalbuminuria. The kidney’s filtration function usually remains normal during this period.

As the disease progresses, more albumin leaks into the urine. This stage may be called macroalbuminuria or proteinuria. As the amount of albumin in the urine increases, the kidneys’ filtering function usually begins to drop. The body retains various wastes as filtration falls. As kidney damage develops, blood pressure often rises as well.

Overall, kidney damage rarely occurs in the first 10 years of diabetes, and usually 15 to 25 years will pass before kidney failure occurs. For people who live with diabetes for more than 25 years without any signs of kidney failure, the risk of ever developing it decreases.

About 30 percent of diabetics with Type 1 (juvenile onset) diabetes and 10 to 40 percent of those with Type 2 (adult onset) diabetes eventually will suffer from kidney failure.

1.What does diabetes do to the kidneys?

The Kidneys & Urine Production |Science Educational Wall Chart/Poster in high gloss paper (A1 840mm x 584mm)

With diabetes, the small blood vessels in the body are injured. When the blood vessels in the kidneys are injured, your kidneys cannot clean your blood properly. Your body will retain more water and salt than it should, which can result in weight gain and ankle swelling. You may have protein in your urine. Also, waste materials will build up in your blood.

Diabetes also may cause damage to nerves in your body. This can cause difficulty in emptying your bladder. The pressure resulting from your full bladder can back up and injure the kidneys. Also, if urine remains in your bladder for a long time, you can develop an infection from the rapid growth of bacteria in urine that has a high sugar level.

2.What are the early signs of kidney disease in patients with diabetes?

Photographic Print of Kidney infection

The earliest sign of diabetic kidney disease is an increased excretion of albumin in the urine. This is present long before the usual tests done in your doctor’s office show evidence of kidney disease, so it is important for you to have this test on a yearly basis.

Weight gain and ankle swelling may occur. You will use the bathroom more at night. Your blood pressure may get too high.

As a person with diabetes, you should have your blood, urine and blood pressure checked at least once a year. This will lead to better control of your disease and early treatment of high blood pressure and kidney disease.

Maintaining control of your diabetes can lower your risk of developing severe kidney disease.

3.What are the late signs of kidney disease in patients with diabetes?

Diabetic Nephropathy Miniatlas

As your kidneys fail, your blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels will rise as well as the level of creatinine in your blood.

You may also experience nausea, vomiting, a loss of appetite, weakness, increasing fatigue, itching, muscle cramps (especially in your legs) and anemia (a low blood count).

You may find you need less insulin. This is because diseased kidneys cause less breakdown of insulin. If you develop any of these signs, call your doctor immediately.

4.Signs Of Kidney Disease In Diabetics

Home Kidney Function Urine Tests – Pack of 2 Individual Tests

Albumin/protein in the urine

High blood pressure

Ankle and leg swelling, leg cramps

Going to the bathroom more often at night

High levels of BUN and creatinine in blood

Less need for insulin or antidiabetic medications

Morning sickness, nausea and vomiting

Weakness, paleness and anemia

Itching

 

5.What will happen if my kidneys have been damaged?

A Simple Guide to Kidney Dialysis and Kidney Transplant and Related Conditions (A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions)

First, the doctor needs to find out if your diabetes has caused the injury. Other diseases can cause kidney damage. Your kidneys will work better and last longer if you:

Control your diabetes

Control high blood pressure

Get treatment for urinary tract infections

Correct any problems in your urinary system

Avoid any medicines that may damage the kidneys (especially over-the-counter pain medications)

If no other problems are found, your doctor will try to keep your kidneys working as long as possible. The use of high blood pressure medicines called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been shown to help slow the loss of kidney function.

6.How are the kidneys kept working as long as possible?

Therapy in Nephrology and Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner & Rector’s The Kidney

The kidney doctor, called a nephrologist, will plan your treatment with you, your family and your dietitian.

Two things to keep in mind for keeping your kidneys healthy are controlling high blood pressure in conjunction with an ACE inhibitor and following your renal diabetic diet.

Restricting protein in your diet also might be helpful. You and your dietitian can plan your diet together.

7.Renal Diabetic Diet

Fight Kidney Disease & Diabetes: How to Take Your Diet to the Next Level

Diet is one of the most important treatments in managing diabetes and kidney disease. If you’ve been diagnosed with kidney disease as a result of diabetes, you’ll need to work with a dietitian to create an eating plan that’s right for you. This plan will help manage your blood glucose levels and reduce the amount of waste and fluid your kidneys process.

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 8.What is end stage renal failure in patients with diabetes?

A Patient’s Guide to Dialysis and Transplantation

End stage renal failure, or kidney failure, occurs when your kidneys are no longer able to support you in a reasonably healthy state, and dialysis or transplantation is needed.

This happens when your kidneys function at only 10 to 15 percent.

9. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Kidney Disease: The Ultimate Guide to Chronic Kidney Disease: Diet, Prevention, Early Detection and Fast Treatment! (Kidney Stones, Kidney Disease Solution, Kidney Health)

10.Effects of High Blood Pressure In Diabetics

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High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major factor in the development of kidney problems in people with diabetes. Both a family history of hypertension and the presence of hypertension appear to increase chances of developing kidney disease. Hypertension also accelerates the progress of kidney disease when it already exists.

Blood pressure is recorded using two numbers. The first number is called the systolic pressure, and it represents the pressure in the arteries as the heart beats. The second number is called the diastolic pressure, and it represents the pressure between heartbeats. In the past, hypertension was defined as blood pressure higher than 140/90, said as “140 over 90.”

Hypertension can be seen not only as a cause of kidney disease but also as a result of damage created by the disease. As kidney disease progresses, physical changes in the kidneys lead to increased blood pressure. Therefore, a dangerous spiral, involving rising blood pressure and factors that raise blood pressure, occurs. Early detection and treatment of even mild hypertension are essential for people with diabetes.

11.Preventing and Slowing Kidney Disease In Diabetics

Blood Pressure Medicines

Blood Pressure: Blood Pressure Diet Plan – How To Easily Lower Your Blood Pressure And Control Hypertension Using Natural Remedies (Natural Remedies, Blood Pressure, Hypertension)

Scientists have made great progress in developing methods that slow the onset and progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes. Drugs used to lower blood pressure can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly. Two types of drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have proven effective in slowing the progression of kidney disease. Many people require two or more drugs to control their blood pressure. In addition to an ACE inhibitor or an ARB, a diuretic can also be useful. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other blood pressure drugs may also be needed.

An example of an effective ACE inhibitor is lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), which doctors commonly prescribe for treating kidney disease of diabetes. The benefits of lisinopril extend beyond its ability to lower blood pressure: it may directly protect the kidneys’ glomeruli. ACE inhibitors have lowered proteinuria and slowed deterioration even in people with diabetes who did not have high blood pressure.

An example of an effective ARB is losartan (Cozaar), which has also been shown to protect kidney function and lower the risk of cardiovascular events.

Patients with even mild hypertension or persistent microalbuminuria should consult a health care provider about the use of antihypertensive medicines.

Moderate-protein Diets

The Guide to Nutrition and Diet for Dialysis Patients

In people with diabetes, excessive consumption of protein may be harmful. Experts recommend that people with kidney disease of diabetes consume the recommended dietary allowance for protein, but avoid high-protein diets. For people with greatly reduced kidney function, a diet containing reduced amounts of protein may help delay the onset of kidney failure. Anyone following a reduced-protein diet should work with a dietitian to ensure adequate nutrition.

Intensive Management of Blood Glucose

Accu-Chek Mobile Blood Glucose System

Antihypertensive drugs and low-protein diets can slow CKD. A third treatment, known as intensive management of blood glucose or glycemic control, has shown great promise for people with diabetes, especially for those in the early stages of CKD.

The human body normally converts food to glucose, the simple sugar that is the main source of energy for the body’s cells. To enter cells, glucose needs the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. When a person does not make enough insulin, or the body does not respond to the insulin that is present, the body cannot process glucose, and it builds up in the bloodstream. High levels of glucose in the blood lead to a diagnosis of diabetes.

Intensive management of blood glucose is a treatment regimen that aims to keep blood glucose levels close to normal. The regimen includes testing blood glucose frequently, administering insulin throughout the day on the basis of food intake and physical activity, following a diet and activity plan, and consulting a health care team regularly. Some people use an insulin pump to supply insulin throughout the day.

A number of studies have pointed to the beneficial effects of intensive management of blood glucose.

In the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), researchers found a 50 percent decrease in both development and progression of early diabetic kidney disease in participants who followed an intensive regimen for controlling blood glucose levels.

The intensively managed diabetics had average blood glucose levels of 150 milligrams per deciliter—about 80 milligrams per deciliter lower than the levels observed in conventionally managed diabetics.

The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, conducted from 1976 to 1997, showed conclusively that, in people with improved blood glucose control, the risk of early kidney disease was reduced by a third.

Additional studies conducted over the past decades have clearly established that any program resulting in sustained lowering of blood glucose levels will be beneficial to patients in the early stages of CKD.

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12.Dialysis and Transplantation

The Courage to Fail: A Social View of Organ Transplants and Dialysis

When people with diabetes experience kidney failure, they must undergo either dialysis or a kidney transplant.

As recently as the 1970s, medical experts commonly excluded people with diabetes from dialysis and transplantation, in part because the experts felt damage caused by diabetes would offset benefits of the treatments.

Today, because of better control of diabetes and improved rates of survival following treatment, doctors do not hesitate to offer dialysis and kidney transplantation to people with diabetes.

Currently, the survival of kidneys transplanted into people with diabetes is about the same as the survival of transplants in people without diabetes.

Dialysis for people with diabetes also works well in the short run. Even so, people with diabetes who receive transplants or dialysis experience higher morbidity and mortality because of coexisting complications of diabetes—such as damage to the heart, eyes, and nerves.

13.Taking Care Of Your Diabetes Makes a Difference

People with diabetes should

1.Have their health care provider measure their A1C level at least twice a year. The test provides a weighted average of their blood glucose level for the previous 3 months. They should aim to keep it at less than 7 percent.

2.Work with their health care provider regarding insulin injections, medicines, meal planning, physical activity, and blood glucose monitoring.

3.Have their blood pressure checked several times a year. If blood pressure is high, they should follow their health care provider’s plan for keeping it near normal levels. They should aim to keep it at less than 140/90.

4.Ask their health care provider whether they might benefit from taking an ACE inhibitor or ARB.

5.Ask their health care provider to measure their eGFR at least once a year to learn how well their kidneys are working.

6.Ask their health care provider to measure the amount of protein in their urine at least once a year to check for kidney damage.

7.Ask their health care provider whether they should reduce the amount of protein in their diet and ask for a referral to see a registered dietitian to help with meal planning.

14.Important Points To Remember

1.People with diabetes should be screened regularly for kidney disease. The two key markers for kidney disease are estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin.

2.Drugs used to lower blood pressure can slow the progression of kidney disease significantly. Two types of drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), have proven effective in slowing the progression of kidney disease.

3.In people with diabetes, excessive consumption of protein may be harmful.

4.Good management of blood glucose has shown great promise for people with diabetes, especially for those in the early stages of Kidney Disease.

For more great Health and Nutrition Tips refer to the website positivehealthwellness.com

If you have any information,questions, or feedback you would like to include in this post.

Please email momo19@diabetessupportsite.com or leave your comments below.